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GBC（掌上游戏机简称）_百度百科
掌上游戏机简称）_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心GBC是一个多义词，请在下列义项上选择浏览（共6个义项）添加义项收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10GBC播报讨论上传视频掌上游戏机简称GBC，全称Game Boy Color。是日本任天堂公司开发的一种电池驱动彩色屏幕携带式电子游戏机，简称手掌机或掌上型游戏机。出名的游戏卡带，有金、银、蓝、红系列。外文名Game Boy Color产 地日本缩 写GBC目录1发展历史2配置发展历史播报编辑也叫Game Boy Color，是Nintendo于1998年4月21日正式发售的掌机。设计者是横井军平。GB的设计理念可以追溯到70年代晚期Nintendo制作的"Game&Watch"。配置播报编辑GBC任务 GB使用一颗定制Z-80为主CPU，速度为4.19 Mhz。一块能同显4级灰度的2。45吋LCD(液晶显示屏)，其分辨率为160x144。拥有4个立体声声道。由于Nintendo要求这部掌机要尽可能的轻巧，低耗和便宜，因此它的硬件机能可以说是劣于和它同时代的其他掌机（Sega Game Gear，Atari Lynx）然而借助无数优秀的软件，它仍旧远远比其他掌机成功许多。然而GB最致命的缺点就是显示表现力的缺乏。Nintendo于1994年3月以6800日元推出的Super Game Boy(SGB）这可能是最怪异的主机周边。因为它并不是对应GB的，而是SFC的扩展。SGB允许GB卡带在SFC上以有色的形式（注意，并不是真的）运行。并且有一个类似PC桌面的theme系统，使每个对应SGB的游戏都有不同的背景。然而这并不能满足大多数人。在GB漫长的进化过程中还出现过改用7号电池（AAA）被称为Game Boy Pocket的袖珍版。不过人们期待的GB最终态终于登场了。1998年10月和11月Game Boy Color(GBC）分别在日本以及美国发售。显著的不同就是GBC拥有了一个最大发色数为32000，可以同显56色的TFT彩色液晶显示屏，他的分辨率是160x144 pixels.。除此之外机载记忆体加到了256Kb，而那颗定制Z-80 CPU的速度也提升到了8 Mhz。GBC是完全向后兼容的。GBC的发售远比Nintendo想象的成功许多。到1998年，GB/GBC一共发售了5000万台以上，达到了掌机前所未有的高峰。GBC上面所登场的游戏，其画面、音效质量和制作水准已经全面赶超了当年的FC时代。如果说GB继承了FC未尽的"遗志"，想来Nintendo也是不会有异议的。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000Europe PMC
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多维发力促转型 工商银行厚积高质量发展新动能_腾讯新闻
多维发力促转型 工商银行厚积高质量发展新动能_腾讯新闻
多维发力促转型 工商银行厚积高质量发展新动能
2023年是贯彻落实二十大精神的开局之年，对金融机构而言，如何完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，将其落实到金融服务与经营发展各领域全过程？近日，工商银行发布2023年中期业绩，看资产总额站上43万亿台阶的“宇宙行”如何以改革促转型，通过在绿色金融、数字化建设等领域持续发力，积累发展新动能，交出一份“稳中求进、好于预期”的答卷。
统筹推进搭体系 助力经济低碳转型
二十大报告提出，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。绿色是高质量发展的鲜明底色。作为支持绿色低碳发展的有力抓手，近年来，绿色金融已经成为助力我国实现“双碳”目标，推动高质量发展的重要工具，为经济绿色低碳发展转型注入了源源不断地动力。
作为全球规模最大的商业银行，工商银行积极践行绿色发展理念，长期以来走在绿色金融发展前沿。通过建立完善绿色金融发展体系，统筹推进投融资绿色低碳转型、服务产品体系创新、完善绿色金融风险管理等，努力在绿色金融发展过程中争当“开拓者”，以金融力量守护好绿水青山。
总量结构发力，绿色投融资增量扩面提质。工商银行大力推进投融资低碳转型，为服务国家“双碳”目标、助力产业转型贡献力量。截至6月末，工商银行绿色贷款余额突破5万亿元，比年初增加超1万亿元，总量与增量均领跑同业。同时，绿色债券发行、承销、投资规模继续保持领先，上半年，境内承销绿色债券405亿元。
服务产品创新，持续丰富绿色金融“工具箱”。工商银行持续深化绿色产品服务创新，取得多个“首发”“首批”创新成果。如发行全国首单商业银行碳中和绿色金融债、全国银行间市场首单绿色汽车分期资产支持证券；首批开展碳中和债券、可持续发展挂钩债券、转型债券、绿色乡村振兴债券、绿色类REITs等业务。
筑牢安全“堤坝”，探索智能绿色金融风控体系。推动绿色金融实践必须统筹发展和安全，工商银行加快构建环境与气候风险管理体系，前端做好转型的风险防范，为绿色金融发展筑牢“防火墙”。据悉，工商银行在业内首创绿色投融资分类管理、ESG风险智能化管理体系、投融资绿色指南、生态保护红线地图数字化功能，在大型银行中率先将气候风险纳入全面风险管理体系。
在此前举行的2023年中期业绩发布会上，工商银行副行长王景武曾言道：“从支持西北戈壁的光伏‘方阵’，到长三角的新能源汽车生产线，再到国内首个百万吨级碳捕集、利用与封存项目，都能看到工行人在行动、在深耕。”在这场跨度近40年的“双碳”攻坚战中，工商银行将持续紧跟国家绿色转型的步伐，做好金融资源绿色化配置，为绿色转型提供源源不断地金融“活水”，做绿色金融发展的“引领者”与“探索者”。展望未来，王景武在发布会上表示，将充分发挥绿色金融领先优势，持续完善“三个体系”，有序推进投融资绿色转型。
一是持续完善差异化政策体系。继续做好战略规划，持续加大绿色投融资力度，做好对绿色产业重点领域投融资政策资源倾斜。同时，统筹处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系，精准支持国民经济重要领域的传统行业绿色低碳转型，助力企业减污降碳、转型升级。二是持续完善多元化产品体系。不断丰富贷款、债券、投资、租赁、基金、理财等全产品线，完善绿色金融产品“工具箱”。加强碳金融和气候投融资前沿研究，拓展绿色金融产品谱系，全方位满足绿色转型过程中的多层次金融需求。三是持续完善数字化管理体系。充分发挥金融科技优势，运用大数据、云计算、人工智能等技术，搭建和完善数字化监测分析评价系统，以数字技术赋能绿色金融发展，不断提高绿色金融管理效率和风控水平。
数字化 “添智赋能” 夯实客户基础
党的二十大提出加快发展数字经济，促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合。数字经济快速发展时代，商业银行数字化转型已经成为不可逆转的趋势。时代浪潮下，如何破题数字化转型？工商银行坚持数字化发展理念，持续完善数字工行（D-ICBC）生态建设，重点聚焦服务客户、赋能员工两个方向，做强对内对外服务平台；同时强化业务支撑与数据技术支撑两大体系，以数字化转型推进高质量发展。
在平台建设方面，工商银行做强、做优对内对外重点服务平台，创新经营发展模式。对外，做强“手机银行、开放银行、工银e生活”三大对外平台，开创金融服务与生活服务融合互促、自有平台与开放平台优势互补的新局面；对内，做优“网点服务平台、客户经理平台、智慧办公平台”三大对内平台，塑造智能化、集约化、精细化的业务经营新模式，持续提升网点竞争力、客户经理营销能力和员工办公效率。数据显示，截至上半年末，该行个人手机银行客户数超5.36亿户，月活突破2亿户，居同业领先；工银e生活月活客户数达1480万户，较年初增长29.5%；开放银行深化与外部生态平台合作，打造数字供应链服务平台，覆盖医药、建筑等近30个行业，合作方数量超4.6万户，交易金额超150万亿元，均保持同业领先。
在业务支撑方面，从产品服务创新到数字化运营再到风险管理智能化，工商银行进一步完善业务服务支撑体系，更好支持实体经济发展。产品服务上，工商银行陆续推出“天天盈”个人现金管理服务，创新带押过户模式的个贷组合产品，推出涉农贷款产品“种植e贷”，加快“工银全球付”推广，全面升级司库和全球现金管理服务体系，承建央企司库项目数量同业领先。运营上，工商银行持续完善数字化运营体系，先后部署近3万项数字化运营策略，推动存款、基金、理财、保险等重点产品销售交易额超1.23万亿元。风险管理上，持续提升全面风险管理能力，通过搭建企业级风险数据平台，强化集团内数据穿透，实现集团视角“境内境外机构一本账、表内表外业务一本账、商行投行业务和其他业务一本账、线上线下一本账、总行和下属机构一本账”——“五个一本账”全面风险管理视图。
在数据技术方面，工商银行持续夯实数据技术支撑体系，为数字化高质量发展奠定坚实基础。积极推进技术架构转型。同事，随着数据要素资源日益丰富，在安全合规前提下，该行主动融入社会数据大蓝海，加大政务、运营商、互联网数字等外部数据的引入，以更丰富的数据要素驱动业务模式变革。
在深入推进数字化转型之下，工商银行科技与业务融合在持续加速。客户是银行一切经营发展与创新的支柱。近年来，通过以“数字工行”建设推动“GBC+”（政务、企业、个人）基础性工程，实现客户生态协同发展。据悉，“GBC+”基础性工作包含GBC联动、资金承接、网点竞争力提升、城乡联动推动乡村振兴、织网补网、代发业务、商户营销、手机银行APP建设八项工作。通过以GBC联动为核心，实现公司、机构、个金三个业务条线密切联动，深耕重点场景GBC三端资源，完善客户生态，实现资金闭环。无论是政银协作打造智慧政务，还是科技赋能提升企业融资可得性，亦或是为客户打造便捷服务体验，这些GBC基础性工作与重点场景的建设，需要金融科技“穿针引线”。数字化加持之下，该行客户基础得到持续夯实。根据半年报，截至6月末，工商银行服务个人客户增至7.29亿户，公司客户突破1100万户，大中小微个相协调的多元化客户结构加快形成，带动人民币存款余额突破30万亿元、增量突破3万亿元，个人金融资产（AUM）余额突破20万亿元。
新媒体编辑：徐铮
新生态、新未来： GBC生态银行成功路线图 – McKinsey Greater China
新生态、新未来： GBC生态银行成功路线图 – McKinsey Greater China
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新生态、新未来： GBC生态银行成功路线图
整体来看，中小银行普遍面临新客获取困难、存量客户活跃度低、客户黏性不强、流失率高、价值创造不足等挑战。通过聚焦生态战略将金融服务向非金融场景延展，将原本MAU（月度活跃）的金融服务转化为DAU（每日活跃）的场景服务，可以帮助中小银行丰富服务内容，增加客户触达及互动，通过规模化的平台引流，提升客户黏性，从而解决获客难、客户维护投入大却见效慢等诸多难题。
近年来，各家大型银行都已将生态建设纳入到发展战略中，竞相角逐头部大生态及场景资源，而中小银行也正寻找差异化、特色化生态定位并积极投入，部分银行在这方面也取得了亮眼成绩，业内领先者生态获客已占到全行每年新客获取的50%以上。不过，我们也观察到，相比大型银行，中小银行在生态银行建设中普遍遇到五大挑战：
单纯依赖第三方引流，难以创造价值。通过线上第三方平台引流不仅获客成本高，转化质量也不尽如人意，许多区域型银行通过“烧钱”从互联网平台获取流量，但引流质量差、转化率低，难以转化为银行的真正客户并创造价值。
本地地缘、亲缘优势尚未有效发展到线上平台。区域型银行未能将在当地积累的传统客群优势、地缘优势等转化为数字化优势并进行辐射。
创新亮点尚未形成规模化效益。不少中小银行在一些生态领域探索并建立了一些亮点，但并未形成全链路经营模式，以及围绕整个生态圈的连片优势。
亟需构建互联网运营能力激发线上客户活跃度。越来越多客户（尤其是年轻人）去线下网点的频率低，银行需要打破传统线下服务模式，采用更多元化的互联网思维构建用户养成与转化计划，并提升存量客户活跃度。
尚未构建支撑生态业务发展的敏捷体系。中小银行仍在探索如何在创新机制、业务经营、敏捷组织和决策机制方面为新业务赋能。
基于上述挑战，我们认为，中小银行可重点整合政府端（G端）、龙头企业端（B端）、零售客户端（C端）资源，聚焦特色场景打造。一方面加强流量转化，在构建银行获客“蓄水池”的同时提升存量客户黏性，提高客户价值贡献。另一方面，通过场景化生态圈，银行可以更好地服务政府机构和行业龙头企业客户，拓展产业链上下游中小企业。该战略的成功之处在于，通过线上平台与线下场景的融合，中小银行可实现用户群规模增长。通过将非金融类服务接入生态循环，再逐步嵌入金融服务，以及借助互联网思维，中小银行可完成从流量到用户、从用户到客户的转变（如图1）。
经验显示，通过构建GBC全链路生态银行，中小银行可大幅提升获客效率、客户综合价值（客户授信可提升1~5倍；资金沉淀提升50%以上）、构筑起竞争壁垒。
中小银行如何制胜金融生态增长模式？
我们认为，围绕场景构建、经营模式、科技加持、服务嵌入、能力建设五个环节进行精准设计，是成功打造金融生态的关键。
1. 构建场景
中小银行可积极发挥深耕当地的资源优势，围绕区域内市场特色，携手政府机构、核心企业客户、服务机构，打造不同场景化生态，例如：衣、食、住、行、娱、税收、技术、产业等场景。一方面，根据银行所在区域经济特点，分析政府政务电子化程度，便民利民信息化程度，关注特色产业、重点行业、工业科技园区，梳理生态链条的各个环节，分析各个参与方的痛点和主要诉求，挖掘场景机会。另一方面，分析银行自身优势和竞争对手的生态场景切入情况，最后锁定希望进入的生态细分领域，规划重构细分生态的模式和方案。具体包括：
从G端出发，探索综合服务模式：例如，主动寻求与地方政府机构合作，形成当地产业振兴战略合作。打造产业综合服务平台，占据资金清结算枢纽，带动其他金融/非金融服务。
从B端出发，重点关注“产业链”模式：例如，优先选择核心企业（B端）的经销链路，通过与核心企业合作，推动其经销链路上的中小微企业（b端）融资服务，带动支付结算、现金管理、进销存管理等数字化服务，提高客户黏性。
从C端出发，优先布局区域内高频生活场景，打造特色化、全渠道经营策略：围绕衣食住行娱，探索本地特色场景。例如，建立房屋租赁平台/小程序，为区域内租房市场提供房屋租赁信息交互、为房屋租赁公司或房东（B端、C端）提供房租及水电煤缴费管理、为房客（C端）提供缴费功能。在这个高频生活场景，嵌入金融服务（如保险、信用卡等），促进用户向客户转化。
2. 打造数字化全链路经营模式
打通从用户到客户的数字化链路。生态场景是客户“蓄水池”，需实现用户向客户的转化，才能创造价值。银行应检视全链路引流-转化路径，重点关注G端、B端到C端的链路断点，并进行对应链路引流与转化布局，规划全链路生态银行。同时基于3A3R模型，设计G/B/C端相互引流与转化经营模式，通过非金融+金融场景完成从流量向用户再向客户的转化，打造数字化全链路经营模式。
以客户为中心，而非以产品为中心。银行应以客户为中心，开展端到端个性化、数据驱动的运营。推动“金融+非金融”综合解决方案，围绕客群设计差异化解决方案。建议中小银行采取多种举措，结合金融、非金融权益服务与产品推送解决链路断点，提升转化效果。以B端为例，银行在开发赋能企业管理的智慧企业平台/小程序时，可提供行政管理等非金融服务，并嵌入金融产品推送，实现员工用户向银行客户的转化。
数据驱动，而非经验驱动。强化数据驱动的策略制定，持续迭代优化用户体验。深化线上运营的数据采集、整合、分析，大数据驱动，优化营销策略。其中，针对3A3R各环节运营实践采用“增长黑客”方式，推广前进行数轮方案试错优化。运营过程中借助数据中台和业务中台，筛选目标用户，验证并通过放量实现用户增长。同时对各阶段数据进行监控和分析，进而在活动运营中不断优化运营方案。
3. 科技加持
工欲善其事必先利其器。科技平台是重构细分生态模式的关键载体，生态内各应用场景都需依托科技平台产生聚合效应。我们认为，中小银行建设和利用生态科技平台的模式有四种，分别为自建平台、利用股权投资与平台企业达成排他性战略合作、构建战略联盟和通过商业合作参与到生态圈平台。其中：1）自建平台所要求的科技投入最大，对银行自身综合实力要求最高，但与业务需求最契合，银行可在生态圈中主导自身意愿；2）与平台企业达成战略合作，要求的科技投入水平居中，合作内容可以共商共量，缺点是未必能基于银行不同时期的需求重点及时调整；3）构建战略联盟和4）通过商业合作参与到生态平台，这两种方式通常不需太多科技投入，银行更多以参与者身份加入到生态圈平台中，补足生态圈中的某个功能项，但是自身发展重点通常需要跟平台重心变化而调整。银行建设不同细分领域生态场景时，可基于三大因素——对生态圈的主导意愿、综合实力和对合作约束力的期望，来评估适合自身的模式。
4．服务嵌入
中小银行可通过科技平台，针对政府机构、企业和个人提供服务，以支持政务服务、公共服务、企业运营、产业协作、个人生活等细分场景，利用场景流量增加与用户的联接。然后，再嵌入金融服务，采用互联网客户经营思维和模式，关注客户体验，进行流量转化，从而使银行成为细分场景中的重要生态参与者，以提升生态效率和进化速度。
以住房生态为例，银行可在平台上嵌入有针对性的服务。如面向房东、长租公寓运营方，通过线上APP或小程序实现房源的线上招租、电子签约、电子账单、在线收租、报表对账、智能水电抄收、智能门锁门禁控制等，全方位管理房源。面向租客，通过小程序、微信公众号等提供房源查找、在线签约、线上付租、报修投诉、智能家居管理等服务。通过服务嵌入，打通数字化链路，实现新客转化、老客盘活。
5. 能力建设
能力建设主要包括团队能力建设和技术能力建设两方面：平台及生态圈的搭建需要熟识该领域的专业人才，有的放矢，完成从零到一的建设，推进过程中需要团队具备敏捷执行力，以实现“小步快跑，快速迭代”目标，因而团队能力是平台建设目标达成的基础。移动互联网时代，平台及生态圈最后必然以线上化、数字化面貌向客户呈现，因而持续提升线上化服务能力、数字化风控能力对优化旅程、提高客户体验至关重要。为此，我们建议银行重点关注以下两方面能力建设：
构建生态金融专业化团队和敏捷执行能力：1）打造产业洞察能力。研究产业政策、龙头企业动向、金融科技玩家的动态，形成产业洞见，识别市场机会，公关重点项目；2）建立互联网运营能力。培养具有互联网思维的生态金融运营团队，打通业务、产品、风控等前中后台资源；3）强IT实施能力。建立快速 IT实施能力，利用外部资源，打造定制化和快速系统对接能力。
强化线上化服务和数字化风控能力：进一步提升产品和服务的线上化、移动化能力，制定端到端（从获客、客户转化、客户促活、防流失、召回）的运营策略并强化执行，优化用户体验，提供易用、好用、快用的线上服务。强化升级数据驱动的风控模式，利用数据优化风控模型，强化数据在贷前、贷中、贷后的应用。
案例：某区域银行成功探索地方特色产业生态增长模式
该区域银行所在地，制造业为当地重要行业，产业链的细分行业规模居全国第二，产值超万亿元人民币。当地政府投入大量财力推进数字化转型，构建上下游数字化协同生态；销售模式采取“直销+经销”模式，与上万家经销商建立起长期稳固的合作关系，完善内部采购及销售管理。
过去，该区域银行依靠支行客户经理定期上门拜访，从信贷产品切入拓展核心企业的其他业务模式，但往往会陷入与四大行打价格战的窘境，未能形成体系化的供应链金融打法。而今，针对区域内产业特色发展机遇，该行梳理了核心企业产业链营销地图，并建设生态场景，固化商机转化的闭环管理机制。此外，该行还通过大数据赋能梳理产业图谱，搭建金融+非金融解决方案，实现产业链的布局与深耕。
千里之行始于足下，成功的战略往往离不开脚踏实地部署实施。根据我们的经验，中小银行在切实开展GBC生态银行建设过程中，有以下5点关键实施步骤：
聚焦优势产业和区域特色：银行应深入研究政府产业振兴规划，挑选政策重点扶持产业，关注交易金额大、覆盖主体多、数字化潜力高、发展空间大的目标产业，剖析目标产业的核心场景、需求与痛点，构建银行的产业专知。然后积极探索、布局高频生活场景，如购物、出行；区域特色场景，例如住房、教育、健康生态等。
设计合作共赢的模式：银行应基于自身资源禀赋，如股东资源、政府关系、客群基础、数据基础、产品和服务能力等，主动寻求地方政府、龙头企业、产业园区，金融科技公司等合作，从产业振兴、供应链整合、产品交易等需求切入，通过战略合作，组建联合公司等形式，建设产业生态平台，抢占产业体系中的关键位置，银行作为平台资金清结算枢纽，带动金融/非金融服务。
打造有针对性的线上化产品和服务：围绕产业场景需求，整合、优化金融产品货架，利用平台沉淀的客户信息和交易数据，优化数字化风控模型，拓展基于数据的信贷服务。同时，提升产品和服务的线上化、移动化能力，重点关注用户活跃度、流程时长、转化效率等指标，优化用户体验，为客户提供一站式线上服务。
加强用户到银行客户的链路转化：生态场景中嵌入包括支付结算、转账、融资、财富管理、保险等日常金融服务及产品，有效融入生态推动用户向客户转化。同时，切实打通数字账户（二类户/三类户）开设、支付通道、数据共享等转化环节，确保客户获得无缝服务体验，提升转化率。
组建敏捷的生态运营团队：建立专职生态拓展团队，打造建设运营一体化的生态运营模式，围绕特色生态场景，建立专职跨职能生态拓展团队；运用敏捷工作方法和运营机制，推进达成生态经营和银行业务目标，比如用户数量、日活/月活、客户转化数、存款日均等。
结语
百舸争流，奋楫者先。当今，大型银行纷纷通过市场下沉战略与中小银行在区域展开竞争，虽然中小银行在市场规模、人才以及资金成本方面均无法与大行相抗衡；但作为本地银行，中小银行具有主场优势，拥有长期深厚的地方政府、企业关系和当地客群基础。而生态银行战略能帮助中小银行充分利用这一本地特色优势，通过建立联通G端（政府，包括区/县/乡/镇/村集体）、B端（企业）和C端的生态圈，进一步扩大这一先发竞争优势并使之转化为切实的业务价值，从而构建起符合自身特色的区域竞争护城河。
作者：
周宁人是麦肯锡全球资深董事合伙人，常驻北京分公司f；
吴知非是麦肯锡副董事合伙人，常驻上海分公司；
周洪是麦肯锡资深项目经理，常驻上海分公司；
朱蔚超是麦肯锡咨询顾问，常驻香港分公司；
特别鸣谢梁志华、周磊、王波、姚逸对本文的贡献。
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Multiparameter diagnostic model based on 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters and clinical variables can differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis - PubMed
Multiparameter diagnostic model based on 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters and clinical variables can differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis - PubMed
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. 2023 Feb 6;23(1):119.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10599-7.
Multiparameter diagnostic model based on 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters and clinical variables can differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis
Can Li #
1
, Xiaohui Luan #
1
2
, Xiao Bi
1
, Shengxin Chen
2
3
, Yue Pan
1
2
, Jingfeng Zhang
1
2
, Yun Han
1
2
, Xiaodan Xu
1
, Guanyun Wang
4
5
, Baixuan Xu
6
Affiliations
Expand
Affiliations
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
2 Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. 852791126@qq.com.
5 Nuclear Medicine Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. 852791126@qq.com.
6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. xbx301@163.com.
# Contributed equally.
PMID:
36747196
PMCID:
PMC9901059
DOI:
10.1186/s12885-023-10599-7
Free PMC article
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Multiparameter diagnostic model based on 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters and clinical variables can differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis
Can Li et al.
BMC Cancer.
2023.
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. 2023 Feb 6;23(1):119.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10599-7.
Authors
Can Li #
1
, Xiaohui Luan #
1
2
, Xiao Bi
1
, Shengxin Chen
2
3
, Yue Pan
1
2
, Jingfeng Zhang
1
2
, Yun Han
1
2
, Xiaodan Xu
1
, Guanyun Wang
4
5
, Baixuan Xu
6
Affiliations
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
2 Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. 852791126@qq.com.
5 Nuclear Medicine Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. 852791126@qq.com.
6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. xbx301@163.com.
# Contributed equally.
PMID:
36747196
PMCID:
PMC9901059
DOI:
10.1186/s12885-023-10599-7
Item in Clipboard
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AbstractPubMedPMID
Abstract
Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic value of a multiparameter model based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) metabolic parameters and clinical variables in differentiating nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer (GBC) from cholecystitis.
Patients and methods:
In total, 122 patients (88 GBC nonmetastatic patients and 34 cholecystitis patients) with gallbladder space-occupying lesions who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were included. All patients received surgery and pathology, and baseline characteristics and clinical data were also collected. The metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET, including SUVmax (maximum standard uptake value), SUVmean (mean standard uptake value), SUVpeak (peak standard uptake value), MTV (metabolic tumour volume), TLG (total lesion glycolysis) and SUVR (tumour-to-normal liver standard uptake value ratio), were evaluated. The differential diagnostic efficacy of each independent parameter and multiparameter combination model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The improvement in diagnostic efficacy using a combination of the above multiple parameters was evaluated by integrated discriminatory improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and bootstrap test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.
Results:
The ROC curve showed that SUVR had the highest diagnostic ability among the 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.698; sensitivity = 0.341; specificity = 0.971; positive predictive value [PPV] = 0.968; negative predictive value [NPV] = 0.363). The combined diagnostic model of cholecystolithiasis, fever, CEA > 5 ng/ml and SUVR showed an AUC of 0.899 (sensitivity = 0.909, specificity = 0.735, PPV = 0.899, NPV = 0.758). The diagnostic efficiency of the model was improved significantly compared with SUVR. The clinical efficacy of the model was confirmed by DCA.
Conclusions:
The multiparameter diagnostic model composed of 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters (SUVR) and clinical variables, including patient signs (fever), medical history (cholecystolithiasis) and laboratory examination (CEA > 5 ng/ml), has good diagnostic efficacy in the differential diagnosis of nonmetastatic GBC and cholecystitis.
Keywords:
Cholecystitis; Metabolic parameters; Multiparameter; Nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer; PET; differential diagnosis.
© 2023. The Author(s).
PubMed Disclaimer
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Figures
Fig. 1
Flow chart
Fig. 1
Flow chart
Fig. 1
Flow chart
Fig. 2
The ROC curves of 18…
Fig. 2
The ROC curves of 18 F-FDG PET metabolic parameters ( A ) and…
Fig. 2
The ROC curves of 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters (A) and model (B). The areas under the ROC curves for the ability to differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer from cholecystitis were 0.677 for SUVmax, 0.684 for SUVmean, 0.690 for SUVpeak, 0.698 for SUVR, and 0.899 for the model
Fig. 3
Decision curve analyses (DCA) showed…
Fig. 3
Decision curve analyses (DCA) showed that, regardless of the threshold probability of a…
Fig. 3
Decision curve analyses (DCA) showed that, regardless of the threshold probability of a doctor or a patient, using the combined model (cholecystolithiasis plus fever plus CEA > 5 ng/ml plus SUVR) in our study to differentiate nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer from cholecystitis was more valuable than using SUVR alone. The x-axis represents the threshold probability, and the y-axis represents the net benefit
Fig. 4
Images A1 and A2 show…
Fig. 4
Images A1 and A2 show a 77-year-old woman with medium-differentiated gallbladder adenocarcinoma (yellow…
Fig. 4
Images A1 and A2 show a 77-year-old woman with medium-differentiated gallbladder adenocarcinoma (yellow arrow). During the physical examination one month prior, the patient was found to have a space-occupying gallbladder, without jaundice, fever, abdominal pain or abdominal mass. The patient had no history of cholecystolithiasis, gallbladder polyps or cholecystitis. The CEA was 6.59, and the CA19-9 was 9.22. The lesion showed that SUVR was 5.5 (A1-MIP image of 18F-FDG PET/CT; A2-First line: axial PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images; Second line: coronal PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images; Third line: sagittal PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images). Images B1 and B2 show a 39-year-old man with acute cholecystitis with chronic inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa (red arrow). The patient had no obvious cause of abdominal pain with fever for 1 month. The patient had a medical history of cholecystolithiasis. The CEA was 6.59, and the CA19-9 was 9.22. The lesion showed an SUVR of 2.1 (A1-MIP image of 18F-FDG PET/CT; A2-First line: axial PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images; Second line: coronal PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images; Third line: sagittal PET, CT, and PET and CT fusion images)
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References
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Lee NK, Kim S, Moon JI, Shin N, Kim DU, Seo HI, Kim HS, Han GJ, Kim JY, Lee JW. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of gallbladder adenocarcinoma: analysis with emphasis on histologic grade. Clin Imaging. 2016;40(3):345–51.
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Ramos-Font C, Gomez-Rio M, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Sanchez Sanchez R, Llamas-Elvira JM. Ability of FDG-PET/CT in the detection of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2014;109(3):218–24.
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Lau CSM, Zywot A, Mahendraraj K, Chamberlain RS. Gallbladder Carcinoma in the United States: A Population Based Clinical Outcomes Study Involving 22,343 Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Database (1973–2013) HPB Surg. 2017;2017:1532835.
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工行数字化转型提速 全方位赋能“GBC+”客户生态_央广网
工行数字化转型提速 全方位赋能“GBC+”客户生态_央广网
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工行数字化转型提速 全方位赋能“GBC+”客户生态
2022-11-30 16:01:44来源：央广网
党的二十大提出加快发展数字经济，促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合。工商银行围绕“数字生态、数字资产、数字技术、数字基建、数字基因”五维布局，深入推进数字化转型，加快形成体系化、生态化实施路径，促进科技与业务加速融合，以“数字工行”建设推动“GBC+”（政务、企业、个人）客户生态协同发展，金融科技价值创造力持续提升。
政银协同：以数字化助力智慧政务发展
推进政务信息化是提高政府管理效能和服务水平，不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感的重要举措。工商银行充分发挥自身金融科技优势，主动对接各级政府机构在财政资金支付、预付费监管、政法服务、社保医保等领域的数字化服务升级需求，赋能政府数字化转型，让数据多跑路、群众少跑腿。
在财政资金支付领域，工行主动发挥金融科技优势，打造跨产品线的线上办公平台，实现线上政务与金融服务融合办理。例如，工行浙江嘉兴分行面向财政部门和各级预算单位创新推出了集资金存管、收支管理和资金动态监控于一体的综合金融服务平台“工银e政务”。除了具备原有企业网上银行基础功能以外，该平台还能为预算单位提供智付、智缴、智存等“五智”服务和云办公、云人力、云差旅等10项金融生态“云服务”，发挥智慧政务基础系统作用。
在重点窗口服务领域，工商银行积极运用大数据等先进技术，不断探索“政银合作”新模式。在山西，工商银行与山西省社保局合作，通过工行自助终端提供资格认证、失业保险申领、在职参保证明打印等8项高频社保业务，满足群众社保“就近办”“多点可办”需求，现已覆盖全省11个市、50个区县。在浙江杭州，工行将部分公积金业务引入工行自助终端，使缴存职工可在工行杭州分行辖内19家服务网点自助办理缴存、提取、贷款等20项公积金个人服务事项，为市民打造身边的“政务办事大厅”。在山东烟台，工行持续加大对电子营业执照便捷开户业务的推广力度，实现了企业开户环节纸质营业执照“免携带”、纸质申请书“免填写”、柜员营业执照信息“免录入”的“三免”服务，有效提升了银行风险防控和审核效率。
近年来，为助力减轻司法部门日常运转负荷，提升案件执行效率，工行积极推动数字化转型成果在司法领域的应用。例如，工行南宁分行探索依托辖内各营业网点提供法院执行案款“智慧发放”服务，减轻当事人出行成本和司法机关材料审查压力。工行浙江分行积极参与浙江省高院“凤凰智审”线上诉讼项目，通过系统对接实现“一键调取贷款数据”“一键生成诉讼文书”等功能，实现清收人员“足不出户”在线立案、开庭、审判，为基层法律清收人员减负。
科技助企：提升企业融资适应性可得性
“20多万元的贷款两天内就批下来了，解了我的燃眉之急啊！”近日，重庆某餐饮公司负责人在收到工行发放的贷款后激动地说道。该公司是重庆一家本地小微餐饮企业，上半年受市场经营环境影响，公司资金周转出现困难。工行重庆分行工作人员了解情况后，向企业负责人推荐了“商户贷”数字普惠产品，并指导其通过手机APP完成线上申请办理。“工行贷款利率低，收费合理，办理也很方便，真心感谢工行对我们小微企业的大力支持！”该公司负责人说道。
近年来，工商银行顺应数字普惠趋势，聚焦“场景+”生态共建，依托“网贷通、经营快贷、数字供应链”三大线上核心业务，培育和打造了一批贴近市场、贴近客户、贴近需求的线上融资产品，以便捷高效的金融服务为小微客户纾困解难。以工行山东分行为例，该行运用互联网及大数据等技术，基于客户结算、代发、代缴税等多场景行为数据，为全省11万余户小微企业提供超1200亿元主动信用授信支持。同时，依托政府、平台、园区、核心企业等提供的数据信息和增信措施，创新设计政采贷、烟草采、医保采、农耕贷、大棚贷、大姜贷、生猪贷、牛e贷等30多个特色场景融资方案，为1000余户小微企业累计提供超过22亿元融资支持。
在票据业务领域，工行坚持科技驱动、创新赋能，近年来先后推出了票据业务数据中台、“工票小智”智能客服、票据数字化运营平台，先后投产上线全流程自助式线上贴现产品“工银e贴”、小微企业快捷票据融资产品“普惠专享贴”、全市场首款基于供应链场景的票据一体化组合产品“付款票据通”，以及绿色票据贴现产品“工银i绿贴”等，不断拓展服务边界和能级，有效满足企业资金需求。
由于农业生产的特殊性，涉农企业融资常常面临缺少抵押物、贷后监管困难等问题。针对这一情况，工商银行借助高分辨率卫星遥感技术打造智能化监控模型，动态遥感识别农业种养殖面积、作物类型、长势等主要经营信息，为涉农贷款发放提供依据。在福建宁德，工行运用遥感影像核心识别能力，解析影像中不同位置对应的渔排和面积，识别关键经营信息并汇总成水产养殖企业的信用资产档案，帮助企业线上成功申请普惠信用贷款，目前已累计发放“渔排养殖贷”1000多万元。
智慧个金：以网点数字化转型提升客户体验
“你好，工小智，今天的金价情况如何？”“好的，请稍等，正在为您搜索黄金的价格。”走进工行网点，智能迎宾机器人工小智现身引导服务，互动问答十分流畅。
近年来，功能强大、萌态十足的机器人“大堂经理”成为银行网点里的一道新风景。据介绍，“工小智”具备文字识别、语音交互、声源定位、人像建模、情景互动等功能，客户可通过“工小智”直接完成排队取号、凭条打印、银行卡/存折读取、指纹采集等操作，业务涵盖信用卡、账户查询、积分兑换、金融市场价格查询等。凭借亲民的视觉形象和人性化语音设计，“工小智”可在营业大厅提供迎来送往、业务咨询等服务，在丰富用户体验的同时有效提升网点服务效率。
智能机器人只是网点数字化转型的一个小小缩影。随着5G时代到来，工行积极探索将“ABCDI”（人工智能、区块链、云计算、大数据、物联网）等技术运用到网点运营当中，大幅提升客户体验。在刚刚过去的第六届中国-南亚博览会上，“数字工行（D-ICBC）”展台布放的5G网络智能终端吸引了许多观众驻足。该终端可以为个人客户提供开户办卡、账户查询等90%的非现金业务，方便快捷满足个人多样化金融需求。
如果说智慧终端是客户看得见摸得着的“硬装备”，那么系统效能提升带来的“加速度”则是让客户真切体验到网点服务升级的“软实力”。工行北京菜市口支行地处北京南城，周边小区众多，中老年客群相对集中。如何有效解决排队时间长，提高业务处理效率成为网点服务面临的首要问题。今年，该支行正式上线智慧化系统“一体化网点通”，极大提高了业务处理速度，柜面业务压力得到有效缓解，到店客户体验有了明显提升。“以前需要用一周多才有结果的超长明细查询，现在第二天就办好了，给老百姓解了急，省了大事。”与此同时，该支行持续推进“互联网+政务+金融+多场景便民应用”的创新探索，通过在网点智能设备上投产12项社保权益和60项政务查询、打印功能，为到店客户送去“及时雨”，成功解决客户办事难、两头跑等棘手问题，真正做到便民利民，为人民服务。
编辑:张圣琪
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工行数字化转型提速 全方位赋能“GBC+”客户生态
近年来，为助力减轻司法部门日常运转负荷，提升案件执行效率，工行积极推动数字化转型成果在司法领域的应用。